Installation and Commands of Geth client of Ethereum

1. Install Ethereum client in Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ethereum/ethereum
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ethereum

2. Initialize the private blockchain:

Add below in genesis.json

{
    "nonce": "0x0000000000000042",
    "mixhash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "difficulty": "0x4000",
    "alloc": {},
    "coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "timestamp": "0x00",
    "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "extraData": "Custom Ethereum Genesis Block",
    "gasLimit": "0xffffffff"
}

geth init genesis.json

3. Run geth:

geth --networkid 42 --nodiscover --maxpeers 3 console

4. Add a new account:

personal.newAccount()

5. Start mining:

geth --mine --minerthreads=4 --networkid 42 --nodiscover --maxpeers 0 console

6. Unlock Account:

personal.unlockAccount(eth.coinbase)

7. Transfer money:

eth.sendTransaction({from: '0x4487xxxx40a4xxxx2de0xxxxdec1xxxx186fxxxx', to: '0x9a0dxxxx91cexxxx3034xxxx1800xxxx0b86xxxx', value: web3.toWei(1, "ether")})

8. Check account balance:

eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])

balance = eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]);

9. Set coinbase

> miner.setEtherbase(eth.accounts[1]);
> eth.coinbase;


10. Start/Stop Mining:

> miner.start(8)
> miner.stop()


11. Start/Stop RPC

> admin.startRPC("privateIp", 8545, "*", "web3,net,eth")

> admin.stopRPC()

Or

geth --rpc --rpcaddr <ip> --rpcport <portnumber>  --rpcapi "web3,net,personal,eth"

12. RPC call:

curl -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"net_version","params":[],"id":67}' http://public-ip:3000
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":67,"result":"42"}

13. Add a peer:

admin.nodeInfo

admin.addPeer(nodeURL)

The nodeURL needs to be in enode URL format.

14. Get the Contract code of a given Account address

curl -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_getCode","params":["0xa94f", "0x2"],"id":1}'

Parameters:

The address, and an integer block number.

15.  Create Contract or Send Transaction

(1). Create a new Contract

params: [{
  "from": "0xb60e8dd61c5d32be8058bb8",
  "data": "0xd46e8dd67c5d32be8d46e8d"
}]

from: the address the transaction is sent from.

data: The compiled code of a contract.

(2) Send a Transaction:

params: [{
  "from": "0xb60e8dd61c5d32be8058bb8",
  "to": "0xd46e8dd67c5d32be8058bb8eb",
  "gas": "0x76c0", // 30400,
  "gasPrice": "0x9184e72a000", // 10000000000000
  "value": "0x9184e72a", // 2441406250
  "data": "0xd46e8dd67c5d32be8d46e8d"
}]

to: The address the transaction is directed to.
value: Integer of the value send with this transaction.
data: the hash of the invoked method signature and encoded parameters.

curl -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_sendTransaction","params":[{see above}],"id":1}'

16. Eth Call

Executes a new message call immediately without creating a transaction on the block chain.

curl -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_call","params":[{see above}],"id":1}'

Returns the return value of executed contract.

17. Get Transaction Receipt

Return the entire Transaction object info by Transaction hash code.

curl -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_getTransactionReceipt","params":["0xb903239f8"],"id":1}'

Reference:
https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/JavaScript-Console
http://hypernephelist.com/2016/05/30/deploying-a-private-Ethereum-blockchain.html
https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Managing-Your-Accounts
http://ethdocs.org/en/latest/network/index.html